Skin cancer can be difficult to identify due to its subtle signs, leading to delayed diagnosis and potentially fatal outcomes. To prevent this, it is essential to be aware of the seven most typical warning signs and ensure early detection and diagnosis.

The seven signs of skin cancer

1. Changes in appearance: Any changes in the appearance of a mole or lesion should be taken seriously, as melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer. To identify differences, use the ABCDE method, which stands for asymmetry, border, color, diameter, and evolving. The Cancer Council has also added EFG to the diagnosis guidelines, which stands for elevated, firm, and growing. Play our free Check-a-Mole browser game to learn the ABCDE method
2. Post-mole-removal changes: Removal of a mole does not guarantee protection against skin cancer in that area. Any unusual spots or colors that appear on or around the removal scar should be checked.
3. Fingernail and toenail changes: Melanoma can develop under the nails, appearing as dark spots or streaks. Check your nails regularly, especially if you wear nail polish.
4. Persistent pimples or sores: A pink or red bump that looks like a pimple could be a sign of skin cancer, especially if it does not disappear over time. Skin cancers can also appear as sores or ulcers that do not heal.
5. Impaired vision: Melanoma can develop within the eyes, causing blurry vision, increased “floaters,” or dark or discolored spots close to the iris. Regular eye exams can detect ocular melanoma early.
6. Scaly patches: Dry, rough, or scaly patches of skin, particularly on body parts with more sun exposure, could be a sign of skin cancer.
7. Persistent itching: Newly itching or persistently and intensely itching moles or lesions could be a sign of skin cancer. Seek professional assessment as soon as possible, especially if accompanied by changes in appearance.

What can you do?

The good news is that when diagnosed early, the survival chances are high. Therefore keep the following in mind:

1. UV light is the most preventable risk factor for all skin cancers so we encourage everyone to protect their skin from harmful UV light.
   • Use sunscreen with a sun protection factor of 30 or higher
   • Wear protective clothing
   • Seek the shade
   • Children should be especially protected from the sun!
2. Examine your skin head-to-toe every month. Self-exams should NOT replace the annual skin exam performed by a physician BUT they offer the best chance of detecting the early warning signs of skin cancer.If you notice any change in an existing mole or discover a new one that looks suspicious be safe and see a doctor.
3. Be safe: see a doctor for a skin check
   Your physician will thoroughly check your skin, especially any conspicuous marks you found during the self-exam. Make sure to plan a yearly skin check!

Photo by Paul Zeiner for Spot the Dot. Read the blog  The skin from the perspective of a physiotherapist